QUESTIONNAIRE: The Improvisation of Car Sensors Technology Application

Read More

Assignment 4.2: Uses for Old Newspapers

Old Newspaper...Surat Khabar Lama...Sau Gau Bo Chi

What should you do with the newspaper you've just read? Recycle it, of course — but recycling doesn't always mean tossing it into a bin so it can be reincarnated. Consider using your old paper to save money around your home and garden, and making fun projects. Here are 10 things to do with old newspaper:

1) Disposable Table/Floor Cloths

Use newspapers to cover tables and floors when painting a picture, or when kids do crafts or art projects. Take advantage of layers, as using several layers will increase the protection of the surface in case of spills. It also allows you to remove stained layers and reveal fresh layers beneath.

2) Cleaning Windows

Wash windows with newspaper. Just tear into strips of about 3 inches (7.5cm) in width and ball these up. Use as you would normally use a paper towel. The advantage of a newspaper is that it will not leave lint on your window or mirror. Note that ink may come off onto your hands and any adjoining lightly painted surfaces. Simply wipe off with water if that happens or wash your hands with soap.

3) Scrap-booking

Use newspaper for scrap-booking. Just be aware that the ink may rub off onto the next page, so a protective page cover is probably a good idea. This is a neat way of saving clippings with a lot of personal meaning, such as photos or stories about family achievements in sport, college and professional life.

4) Windows Cover

Paste the newspapers on the window pane for protection from the sunlight. This should only be a temporary measure as it doesn't look very nice, but it can be helpful while someone is convalescing or to protect a pet or a plant from getting too much sunlight; at least until you can get around to buying a proper window dressing.

5) Packing Supplies

Use newspaper in packing as a cushion for delicate items. Newspaper is very versatile when it comes to packing because it can be laid out flat in layers for shock absorption, scrunched up to fill spaces and stop items from moving or hitting one another, or wrapped directly around fragile items to protect them as they're moved. Newspaper can also be used to protect surfaces that you're using to pack things on.

6) Gift Wrap

Use newspaper to wrap anything. In a pinch, newspaper works well for wrapping gifts. Most folks generally choose the comics because of the color and humor, but if the gift recipient is in, say, finance, why not use the business or money sections instead? The wrap will seem more thoughtful that way. If you’re super crafty, you can even make a newspaper bow to top it all off.

7) Origami Sculptures

Need an inexpensive activity to do with kids? Origami is the solution. Use newspaper as a tool for kids to play.  There are many things you can make such as a hat, boats, baskets, boxes — the list goes on. All you need is newspaper and directions can be found online. Simple yet safe for kids too.

8) Ripen Fruits

If you want to speed up the ripening process, simply wrap individual bananas, avocados, or tomatoes in newspaper so you can eat them sooner. Or else, can transport fresh flowers in damp newspaper to keep them fresh longer.

9) Book Covers

Use newspaper as book cover it seems kind of cool. Instead buy store-bought book covers, using newspaper really save your money. To tell the books apart once they’re covered, use a section of the newspaper that represents each book. For instance, if you’re covering a science textbook, pick the tech section of the paper.

10) Fire Starter

Very simple ans easy, make fire logs out of old newspapers. Roll sheets of newspapers up tightly in the shape of a log. Tie them tight with string and use them in your fireplace or on a camp fire.

There are dozens more ways to recycle and reuse old newspaper. Why not try all by your own and let us know how your newspaper pulls double duty in the comments section below.

Read More

Assignment 3.6 : What are the functional characteristics of a helicopter & how it can fulfill the societal needs.

Helicopters can be used in many different ways. Today, helicopters are used for transportation, for construction, for firefighting, search and rescue, and a variety of other jobs that require the special capabilities of the helicopter. Some police use them to monitor traffic, and catch speeders. They are used for emergency rescue such as grass fires. They are used for air ambulances when a patient needs to be rushed to a different hospital- because of their ability to take off and land vertically, and it doesn't need a runway. Military forces use helicopters to land men on the ground to fight. The military also transports food, missiles, needed medical equipment etc.. helicopters can also be used for recreation. Some people pay money to go up in a helicopter and fly over forests cities, and anything else that would look interesting from above. 

Helicopters are also used for Aerial photography, Motion picture photography, Electronic news gathering, search and rescue, travelling, and touring or personal pleasures.

A view from the Market Demands

In 2001 there is a large demand for commercial helicopter operations. It is reported that 41% of total demand is in Oil & Gas industry followed by Air Medical operations at 29% and tours about 7% of the total helicopter operations.

63% represent commercial operation of the total market. 22% represent Corporate / Private sector and 15% at public service.

The average fleet size of Commercial helicopter operators was 10.2 helicopters, Corporate/Private 2.0   and Public Service was 7.0

Light-single turbine helicopters represent 49% of the total helicopters operated.

Light Light-single turbines fly 57% of the total flight hours. T-single turbines fly 57% of the total flight hours.

Approximately 150 new turbine helicopters have been delivered to US operators in 2000.  While the industry predictions for US helicopter operators look promising, they represent a fraction of worldwide demand for light long-range civil helicopter.

Through 2005, Asia predicts a market capacity of 350 new turbine helicopters in Siberia, 300 in China and 250 in Indonesia and Malaysia.

High import tariffs and high cost of licensed assembly of existing U.S. and European models prevent them from entering Asian markets.

Here is our expectation from the previous study, on what most of the owner worldwide would like to consider which are the characteristics when buying a helicopter:

- Low initial purchase cost

- Low maintenance requirement

- Longer time between overhauls

- Small number of in-service repairs

- Utilitarian – can performed more than one mission

- High performance

- Safety

- Fuel efficient

- Easy to maintenance

- Parts interchangeable

- Can operate in any weather condition

- Low noise

From all listed characteristics of a helicopter, safety seems to have come to a fruition to most of them. Most of them request additional requirements under this feature as follows:

1.Improve safety regarding approach helideck operations

2.Reduce the possibility of technical failures

3.Improve the management of organizational changes and changes in the internal 

framework conditions

4.Increase the use of proactive safety indicators

5.Improve interaction between the operators involved in offshore helicopter transport

6.Develop and maintain technical and operational competence

7.Reduce the risk of lightning strikes and their possible consequences on helicopters

8.Minimize exemptions from requirements and the OLF recommended guidelines

9.Evaluate measures to reduce perceived risk

Military Helicopter

Other than that, they have agreed on the utilitarian characteristic to be the least required for their priority, as each of them has their own expectations and specific requirements especially on the personal type of helicopter to be bought.

Credit to: SINTEF

Read More

How DD4U related to #fit2drive Vehicle Inspection campaign?

Greetings...

Everyone in this world seeking for a better life in the future. For that, everything need to be easy and simple. However, there's nothing simply can be turned into a very simple thing without having knowledge about it. For that, DD4U take an alternative and create their starting point to spread the awareness especially among Malaysian on the importance of inspecting their vehicles together with saving people life.

Why we need to inspect our vehicles?

1. SAFETY - DD4U concern on every journey that you'll make to be the safe one. Help us to help you by inspecting your vehicles at least twice a year to ensure that it is safe to drive.

2. CONFIDENCE - After you have passed an inspection at any verified inspection center, you can drive assured and feel confident that it is fit for the road.

3. ENVIRONMENT - Vehicles do emit smoke and other dangerous gases that can pollute our environment. However, emission inspection can ensure that your vehicles didn't discharge excessive amount of those harmful gases.

4. COST SAVING - Major issues can be avoided in the long run of your vehicles as small defects possibly to be identified and rectified during an early inspection. Well maintained vehicles also run more efficiently, thus save your fuel.

credit to: PUSPAKOM


"Committed to Excellent"
DD4U
Vehicle Inspection Awareness Campaign
#fit2drive

Read More

Assignment 2.2 : New LCD Projector

Portable LCD

An LCD projector is a type of video projector for displaying video, images or computer data on a screen or other flat surface. It is a modern equivalent of the slide projector or overhead projector. To display images, LCD (liquid-crystal display) projectors typically send light from a metal-halide lamp through a prism or series of dichroic filters that separates light to three polysilicon panels – one each for the red, green and blue components of the video signal. As polarized light passes through the panels (combination of polarizer, LCD panel and analyzer), individual pixels can be opened to allow light to pass or closed to block the light. The combination of open and closed pixels can produce a wide range of colors and shades in the projected image.

Metal-halide lamps are used because they output an ideal color temperature and a broad spectrum of color. These lamps also have the ability to produce an extremely large amount of light within a small area; current projectors average about 2,000 to 15,000 American National Standards Institute (ANSI) lumens.

Other technologies, such as Digital Light Processing (DLP) and liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) are also becoming more popular in modestly priced video projection.

ANNUAL UNITS SOLD

DD4U is planning to expand the business projection market by offering competitive product prices with high product quality. Our company is trying to focus the production in domestic market while promoting low production costs of the LCD projector. Typically, LCD projectors are in the low to midranges of the price spectrum. Where they once were strictly in the budget realm, steady improvements by our development team will result in our LCD projector models being the best in their class.

Pacific Media Associates (PMA), the worldwide market information experts on front projectors, has released the first findings from their just-completed annual survey, in which the manufacturers of projectors, optical engines, and components predicted that the worldwide market for projectors will reach 22 million units by 2014, up from about 700,000 units in 2010. In addition to that, the emerging category of portable projectors weighing less than a pound is expected big things from tiny pocket projection. Available in either stand-alone or embedded formats, the market for these convenient devices is predicted to reach 142 million units. The Pocket Projector Technology and Market Forecast Report presents market forecasts through 2018 and discusses challenges including brightness, battery life and competing technologies.

Therefore, from DD4U perspective, we expect a medium number of production and sales of our LCD projectors due to the customer recognition of a new brand. We are targeting to sell 210, 000 units for the first three-years in order to have good market position.

DEVELOPMENT TIME

Before we start with any product development, first we at DD4U define the product that we want to produce. At this stage we define the customers need. We list out the customers’ requirement that we obtain from a survey we conducted before.

                

Next stage, we list down the entire concept that we think possible with the LCD to be produced. Example of concept selection table is as shown below:

After we finalize with the product concept, we make a prototype of the LCD. From the prototype, we test the reliability of LCD to be produced. At this stage, if there is any error with the prototype, we will improve it before we make the real LCD for the market used.

               

After we overcome with all possible error from the data we collected in the prototype stage. We come out with the real product. We market the product and we obtain feedback from the customers for future improvement on the development of the new products.

SIZE OF DEVELOPMENT TEAM

LCD projector production is generally developed in many phases. First, in pre-production, pitches, prototypes, and projector design documents are written. If the idea is approved and the developer receives funding, a full-scale development begins. This usually involves a 20–100 man team of various responsibilities, such as designers, artists, programmers, testers, etc. The projector productions go through development stages until finally being released. New LCD projector are advertised, marketed, and showcased at related carnival promotion.

For the size of development team, we estimate 40-person involved in the project. Then, they will be divided into 4 small teams, making sure there was a developer, tester, customer/requirements person, writer, some sort of project-manager-type person on each team, and add however many other developers and testers the team thought they needed. We choose to have many testers because there are so many possibilities of boards, OS’s, firmware versions, and some software, that even with combination testing approaches, the fact that they felt they needed to boot all the way each test meant no test could take fewer than 5 minutes. That means a given tester is limited in the number of experiments he/she can do. If they had more time, maybe they wouldn't need as many testers, and the developers would have to do more testing.

DEVELOPMENT COST

ANNUAL UNITS SOLD: 70,000 UNITS/YEAR

COMPONENTS	COST (RM)
Lenses	400
LCD Projector Lamp	300
Power Supply	200
Cooling Fan	170
Motherboard Circuit	250
Exterior Components	200

Cost per 1 unit LCD Projector = RM 1520

Annual cost of LCD Projector = RM 1520 x 70,000 units = RM 106,400,000

Sales price of 1 unit LCD Projector = RM 3000

Annual revenue of LCD Projector = RM 3000 x 70,000 = RM 210,000,000

Annual profit = Annual revenue- Annual cost
                       = RM 210,000,000 - RM 106,400,000 = RM 103,600,000

                                             

Read More